The conversion of 2-pyrrolidone to succinimide using oxygen-mediated photolytic radiation has been known since the 1980s. Gramain and colleagues studied the photolytic conversion of unsubstituted and substituted pyrrolidones to the corresponding succinimides. 43 When 2-pyrrolidone (1) was photolyzed in the presence of benzophenone in tert-butanol and molecular oxygen, succinimide (2) yielded at 60%.
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