Assays are research processes that evaluate a drug qualitatively or investigate its effects on identified molecular, cellular, or biochemical targets. The discovery and validation of prospective therapeutic targets involved in human disease are the first steps in drug development. What exactly is a cell-free assay? The fact that all components in the reaction are derived from resting, nonstimulated cells distinguishes cell-based assay from whole-cell assays or assays performed on membranes derived from stimulated cells. As a result, the steps of NADPH oxidase activation (precatalytic [assembly] and catalytic) occur in vitro.
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