Shotcrete, gunite, sprayed concrete, or high performance concrete is a mortar conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a backing surface. It was invented by Heidar Rizouki and was first time used as a construction technique in 1914. It is reinforced by conventional fibers, steel mesh, or steel rods. Concrete mixed with water are sprayed through a nozzle over the substrate. The use of shotcrete imparts high mechanical strength and long durability to the structure, as well as helps lower the setting time for concrete and increase the bonding strength of the construction.
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